Online Songs, Free Songs, Softwares, Ebooks, Wallpapers, Daily Horoscopes, and more

2009-10-20T15:45:00.002+05:30

SWITCH statement

The switch expression must be of an integers, such as char, byte, short, ushort, int or any type of string. Thus the floating point expressiond are not allowed. The case constants must be literals of a type compatible with the expression. Two case constants in the came switch cannot have identical values. The default statement is executed if no case constants matches the expression. The default statement is optional..

Program Demonstrates the switch statement

using system;
class demoswitch
{
public static void Main()
{ int i;
for(i=0; i<6;i++)
switch(i)
{
case 0:
Console.WriteLine("i is zero");
break;
Case 1:
Console.WriteLine("i is one");
break;
Case 2:
Console. WriteLine("i is two");
break;
case 3:
Console.WriteLine("i is three");
break;
case 4:
Console.WriteLine("i is four");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("i is five or than more than five");
break;
}
}
}
class="para">output:

i is zero
i is one
i is two
i is three
i is four
i is five or more than five

2009-10-15T17:03:00.005+05:30

Actress Wallpapers

Asin

2009-10-15T11:52:00.003+05:30

Bool Type:

Bool is a data type which is to represent the true or false value in C#.
The Bool type variables or expressions will be true or false.
Unlike other programming Languauges, there is no conversion between the bool and integers in C#.

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Program using bool type

using system;

class exbool
{
public static void Main()
{
bool b;
b= false;
Console.WriteLine("b is"+ false);
b = true;
Console.WriteLine("b is "+ true);
if(b)
{
Console.WriteLine("It is executed");
}

b= false;
if(b)
{
Console.WriteLine("It is not executed")
}
Console.WriteLine("100>99 is"+(100>99))

}
}

Output:

b is false
b is true
It is executed
100>99 is true

2009-10-15T11:00:00.005+05:30

DECIMAL TYPE

Decimal is the data type utilizes 128 bits which represents within the range 1E-28 to 7.9E+28. It can accurately represents upto 28 decimal places.

Program using Decimal type to compute a discount

using system;

Class discounts

{
public static void Main()
{
decimal price;
decimal discount;
decimal disprice;

price = 16.0;
discount = 0.10
disprice = price - (price*discount);

Console.WriteLine("The Discounted Price : $"+ disprice);
}
}

output:

The Discounted Price:$ 14.4

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Program using Decimal to compute a future value

using system;

class futurevalue

{
public static void Main()

{

decimal amount;
decimal rateofreturn;
int i, years;
amount = 1000.0;
rateofreturn = 0.07;
years = 10;

Console.WriteLine( "Original Investment:$"+amount);
Console.WriteLine("Rate of Retun:$"+ rateofreturn);
Console.WriteLine("Over"+Years+"Years");

for(i=0;i<=years;i++) { amount = amount+(amount*rateofreturn); Console.WriteLine("The Future Value:$"+amount); } } } Output:

Original Investment : $1000
Rate of return : $0.07
Over 10 Years

The Future Value : $ 1967.15135728956532249000

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

goto BOOL

2009-10-14T16:16:00.005+05:30

Double:

Double is one of the floating point type which represents the double precision numbers. Double is 64 bits wide and has an approximate range of 5E-324 to 1.7E + 308. Many of the math function in C# class library uses Double.

Program to find the radius of Circle using the math function math.sqrt

using system;
class circle
{
public static void Main()
{
Double area;
Double radius;
area = 10.0;
radius = math.sqrt(area/3.14);
Console.WriteLine("The radius of Circle:" + radius);
}
}

Output:

The radius of Circle: 1.78412203012729

Program using math.sin, math.cos, math.tan

using system;
class trignometry
{
public static void Main()
{
Double theta;
for(theta=0.1; theta<=1.0; theta=theta+0.1) { Console.WriteLine("sine of"+theta+"is"+ math.sin(theta)); Console.WriteLine("cosine of"+theta+"is"+math.cos(theta)); Console.WriteLine("tangent of" +theta+"is"+math.tan(theta)); } } } Output:

Sine of 0.1  is 0.0998334166468282
Cosine of 0.1  is 0.995004165278026
Tangent of 0.1  is 0.100334672085451

Sine of 0.2  is 0.198669330795061
Cosine of 0.2  is 0.980066577841242
Tangent of 0.2  is 0.202710035508673

Sine of 0.3  is 0.29552020666134
Cosine of 0.3  is 0.955336489125606
Tangent of 0.3  is 0.309336249609623

__________________________________________________________________________________________

goto decimal

2009-10-14T15:11:00.004+05:30

Integers:

C# defines nine integer types and they are char, byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long and ulong.
The bit width and ranges of integers are shown below

TYPE --------------- WIDTH in bits ----------------RANGE

byte ------------------------- 8 -------------------------0 to 255
sbyte------------------------- 8 -------------------- -128 to 127
short -------------------------16---------------- -32768 to 32767
ushort----------------------- 16--------------------------- 0 to 65535
int ----------------------------32---------- -2147483648 to 2147483647
uint --------------------------32 --------------------------- 0 to 4294965295
long-------------------------- 64-------- −9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
ulong ------------------------64 -----------------------------0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615

Program using Long variable for large signed values:

using system;
class inch
{
public static void Main()
{
long mile;
long inch;
mile = 93000000;
inch = mile*5280*12;
Console.WriteLine("The distance to the Sun:"+inch+"inches");
}
}

Output:

The distance to the Sun: 5892480000000 inches

Program using byte to control the for loop that produces the summation of the number 100

using system;
class using_byte
{
public static void Main()
{
byte x;
int y;
y=0;
for(x=1;x<+100;x++)
y=y+x;
Console.WriteLine("The sum of 100 is "+y);
}
}

output:

The sum of 100 is 5050

goto Double

Carmania

2009-10-14T12:47:00.004+05:30

Wallpapers of Cars

Lamborghini

Silver Car

Blue Audi

Audi

Back view of Audi

Black car

Side view of Audi

Audi Le Mans

Lotus Elise

Audi

Audi

B M W

Subaru Impreza

Mercedes Benz

Silver B M W

Audi Silver

Orange Audi

volvo c70

Subaru Wrx Zti

Audi Wings

Silver Car

Lotus 340r

Audi Gold

Ferrari F40

volvo s70

Ferrari Red

2009-10-13T16:47:00.003+05:30

Two More Examples using Variables:

Program 3:
using Sysytem;
class program3
{
public static void Main()
{
double x; // declares a floating point variable x
int y; // declares a integer variable y
x=101.0; // assigned 101.0 to x
y=101; // assigned 101 to y
Console.WriteLine("The value of x:"+x); // print a value of x followed by the given strings
Console.WriteLine("The value of y:"+y); // Print a value of y followed by the given strings
Console.WriteLine(); //Prints a blank line
x=101.0/2; // assigned 101.0 divided by 2 to x
y=101/2; // assigned 101 divided by 2 to y
Console.WriteLine("The value of x/2:"+x);
Console.WriteLine(" The value of y/2:"+y);
}
}

output:
The value of x: 101.0
The value of y: 101

The value of x/2: 50.5
The value of y/2: 50

Program 4:
// Area of Circle
using Sysytem;
class area
{
public static void Main()
{
double radius, area;
radius=10.0;
area= radius*radius*3.1416;
Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle:"+area);
}
}

output:
Area of Circle: 314.16

goto Integers

2009-10-13T15:52:00.002+05:30

Variable:

A variable is a named memory location that can be assigned a value.
The value of variable can be changed during the execution of the program.

Program using two variable:

using System; // using is the variable and Sysytem is the Namespace

class program2 // program2 is the name the class

{

public static void Main()

{

int a; // This declares the variable1

int b; // This declares the variable2

a=50; // assign 50 to a

Console.WriteLine("The value of a:"+a); //the + sign causes the value of a to be displayed.

b=a*2; // assigned a multiplied by 2 to b

Console.Write("The value of b:"); //write() is to display the strings it contains and the next output will be generated in sameline.

Console.Writeline(b);

}

output:

The value of a: 50

The value of b: 100

C# Keywords

2009-10-13T15:25:00.004+05:30

Keywords:

There are 77 keywords are defined in C# language. They are combined with the syntax of operatorsand seperators, form the definition of C# language.
These keywords cannot be used as a name for any class, variables and namespaces.

List of Keywords:

abstract
as
base
bool
break
byte
case
catch
char
checked
class
constant
continue
decimal
default
delegate
do
double
else
enum
event
explicit
extern
false
finally
fixed
float
for
foreach
goto
if
implicit
in
int
interface
internal
is
long
lock
namespace
new
null
object
operator
out
override
params
private
protected
public
readonly
ref
return
sbyte
sealed
short
sizeof
stackalloc
static
string
struct
switch
tis
throw
true
try
typeof
uint
ulong
unchecked
unsafe
ushort
using
virtual
volatile
void
while

goto Variables

2009-10-13T12:19:00.004+05:30

FIRST PROGRAM IN C#:
Let us begin by compilin and running the short and easy program.

using system;

class csharp

{

//c sharp program beging with the call to main()

Public static void Main()

{

Console.WriteLine("My First C# program");

}

goto Keywords

OOP

2009-10-12T20:01:00.003+05:30

OOP

OOP is nothing but Object Oriented Programming. C# is an Object Oriented Programming Language.

OBJECT:

Object is the key to realize Object oriented Programming concept.
Software Objects are just as same as real world object i.e. both of them are having their own state and behaviour.
Here, the objects are stores its state in fields and exposes its behavior in Methods.
Methods operates on an objects internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object to object communication.

Benefits of Object:

Modularity - The source code for an object can be written and maintained independently of the source code for the other object.
Hiding the irrelevant data by interacting with the methods of object.
Reuse of Code
debugging and plugability- If there is any error in particular object, we can easily replace the object with other.

Significant Features of OOP:

There are three most important features of Object Oriented Programming concept. They are

Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Encapsulation:

It is the programming mechanism, that an object has something like shell around it protecting the attributes or status variables are being accessed from the outside of an object.
The method of an object only can access the attributes or status variables, can read and change the value of it.

Inheritance:

Inheritance is the process by which one object can acquire the properties of other object.
It supports the concept of hierarchical classification.
Inheritance means that the derived class inherits all attributes and methods from its super class, the class from which it is derived.

Polymorphism:

The Polymorphism is the greek word, means many form.
The polymorphism is the quality that allows interface to access the general class of actions.
The object must know itself what has to be done and how, nobody cares as long as the object appears on the screen.

goto First C# program

Introduction

2009-10-12T18:13:00.005+05:30

C#.Net

C# was created at Microsoft at late 1990's and its alpha version had been released in the middle of 2000. C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg. C# is directly related to C, C++ and JAVA. Because these three Languages are most widely used programming languages in this Planet.
C# is pronounced as see sharp. It is easy, modern, type safe and object oriented programming Language.
C#.net includes IDE(Interactive Development Environment), Visual Designers(Web and Windows Applications), Compiler a,d a debugger.
C#.Net is a part of Visual Studio.Net.
Visual Studio.Net is the product of Microsoft that also supports Visual Basics.Net, Visual C++.Net and Java Scripting Languages.
All the above mentioned languages provide access to the .Net Framework. It includes Common Language Runtime and Rich Class Libraries called Base Class Libraries.

Functions of Common Language Runtime:

Common Language Runtime is abbreviated as CLR. It manages the Execution of .Net.
While compiling the C# program, the output of the compiler is not exe file. Instead, it is a file contains the special type of Pseudocode called MSIL.
MSIL is Microsoft Intermediate Language defines a portable assembly language.
Here, MSIL is turned into Executable file by activating the JIT compiler. JIT is called Just In Time.
When a .Net program is executed, the CLR activates the JIT compiler. JIT will be converted the MSIL into Native code. Thus, C# program executes as native code even though it is initially compiled into MSIL.

Features of CLR:

Managed code
Automatic Application Installation
Memory Management
Automatic Garbage Collection
High level of security while execution

Class Libraries:

Class Libraries Works with any Languages under the under the common Language Runtime environment.
So, the .Net programmer can easily be shifted to one .net Language another convenient .Net Language.

CLS:

CLS stands for Common Langauge Specification.
CLS describes set of features that all langauges have in common. It includes subset of CTS.
CTS stands for Common Type System which is used to define the rules concerning tha data types. And the C# supports both the CLS(Common Language Specification) and the CTS(Common Type System).

go to OOP

C#.NET

2009-10-12T17:15:00.013+05:30

C#.Net Tutorial
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This Post is for the techies and computer students who are all eager to learn the emerging technology i.e DOT NET(.Net). C#.Net is language which is developed mainly for .Net Framework.
This tutorial provides all about the C#.Net Basics, Classes, .NEt Framework, OOP Concept, keywords, syntax and the features that defines C# language, file handling techniques, reflection, preprocessors and also deals about the Interface, structure and Enumeration. Hope it will be the useful post for the people who are all eager to know about the C#.net.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
OOP
First C# Program
Keywords
Variables
Integers
Double
decimal
Bool
switch

2009-10-10T11:39:00.002+05:30

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2009-10-09T16:06:00.004+05:30

PERANMAI

Cast: Jeyam Ravi

1.Kadhu Kalai katta

2.Kattu pulli

3.Thuppakki Penn

4.When the boys

5.Yera thazha

2009-10-09T15:59:00.003+05:30

Siva Manasula Sakthi

Cast: Jeeva, Anuya

1.MGR Illainga

2.oru adangapidari

3.Oru Kal

4.Oru Parvayil

5.Eppadiyo maatikitta

6.Thithikkum theeya

2009-10-09T13:56:00.003+05:30

KANDAEN KADHALAI

Cast:Bharath, Tamanna

1.Kaatru Pudhidha

2. Nan Mozhi

3.Ododi poraen

4.Oru Naal Iravil

5.suthudhu

6.venpanju megam

2009-10-09T13:39:00.003+05:30

MASILAMANI

Cast: Nagul, Sunaina

1.Chikku Chikku

2.Dora Dora

3.Nanga Romba

4.odi odi vilayada

5.oh divya

2009-10-08T22:14:00.002+05:30

NEW RING AROUND THE SATURN

Courtesy:NASA/Space Science Institute

Saturn is the second largest planet in our solar system with an equitorial diameter of 74,130 miles and is the sixth from the Sun. The atmosphere of the Saturn is primarily composed of Hydrogen with little amount of methane and helium. It is the only planet which is less dense than water. The rings of the planets makes it looks beautiful planet in our solar system. It has 30 named satellites.

Recently NASA spacecraft CASSINI discovered the new ring which is around the Saturn. CASSINI entered the saturn's orbit in July,2004 and also revealed the amazing features of Ringed planet such as whispy fingers of icy materials stretching out the tens of thousands of milles from the Enceladus(Moon of Saturn).

Saturn Ring system is divided into Seven, each named by the letters of Alphabet from the innermost to outermost and the divisions are D,C,B,A,F,G and E. The new ring of the Saturn is flimsy in feature, visible outside the brighter main rings and found inside the G and E. It coincides with the orbit of saturns moons are Janus and Epimetheus. Scientists expected meteoroid impacts on the two moons could kick off moon particles and inject them into Saturn's orbit. But they were surprised to find such a distinct ring structure in that region.

In the latest observations, scientists once again see the bright ghost-like spokes - transient, dusty, radial structures -streaking across the middle of Saturn's main rings.

2009-10-08T10:37:00.001+05:30

ASAL

Promo Song

2009-10-08T10:20:00.003+05:30

Renigunta

Cast:Jhony, Sanusha

1.Kandharva

2.Kandaen Kanmaniyae

3.Mazhi Peyyum

4.Thallakulam

5.Vaazhkai Yaaridam

6.Vizhigalilae

2009-09-25T17:38:00.000+05:30

O&O DiskImage Express

O&O DiskImage Express is free software which enables you to image your entire computer and restore single drives.

Mounts image as a drive – if, for example, you’ve accidentally deleted just one important file, you can now select to restore this file only from the entire imageNew
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Restores individual data drives
Saves space with incremental and differential images that save only changes – images only those files that have been changed or added after the last imaging. This saves time!
Displays imaging information - O&O DiskImage 4 Express Edition keeps you constantly informed
Easy to use and free – free data imaging developed by data professionals

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IZArc 4.0.1760 Beta

2009-09-25T17:19:00.001+05:30

IZArc 4.0.1760 Beta

IZArc is a freeware archive utility supporting many archive formats like: 7-ZIP, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ, B64, BH, BIN, BZ2, BZA, C2D, CAB, CDI, CPIO, DEB, ENC, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, IMG, ISO, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MDF, MBF, MIM, NRG, PAK, PDI, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, WAR, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO. With a modern easy-to-use interface, IZArc provides support for most compressed and encoded files

click to download

IZArc 4.0.1760 Beta

2009-09-25T16:31:00.002+05:30

Firefox 3.5.3

User Experience. The enhancements to Firefox provide the best possible browsing experience on the Web. The new Firefox smart location bar, affectionately known as the "Awesome Bar," learns as people use it, adapting to user preferences and offering better fitting matches over time.

Performance. Firefox is built on top of the powerful new Gecko platform, resulting in a safer, easier to use and more personal product.

Security. Firefox raises the bar for security. The new malware and phishing protection helps protect from viruses, worms, trojans and spyware to keep people safe on the Web.

Customization. Everyone uses the Web differently, and Firefox lets users customize their browser with more than 5,000 add-ons.

click here to download

Firefox 3.5.3

Adobe Reader 9.1

2009-09-25T16:13:00.002+05:30

ADOBE READER 9.1

The global standard for electronic document sharing.

It is the only PDF file viewer that can open and interact with all PDF documents.

Use Adobe Reader to view, search, digitally sign, verify, print, and collaborate on Adobe PDF files.

View, print, and search PDF files, including PDF Portfolios and PDF maps
Author, store, and share documents, and share your screen, using Acrobat.com services
Experience richer content and greater interactivity with native support for Adobe Flash technology
Review documents using familiar commenting tools such as sticky notes, highlighting, lines, shapes, and stamps (When enabled by Acrobat Pro or Acrobat Pro Extended)
Digitally sign PDF documents (When enabled by Acrobat Pro or Acrobat Pro Extended)

Click here to download

Foxit Reader 3.1.1.0901

2009-09-25T16:09:00.002+05:30

Foxit Reader 3.1.1.0901

Foxit Reader is a free PDF document viewer, with incredible small size, breezing-fast launch speed and rich feature set. Its core function is compatible with PDF Standard 1.7.

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Text converter: You may convert the whole PDF document into a simple text file.
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Foxit Reader 3.1.1.0901

MOBILE 3GP CONVERTER

2009-09-25T16:04:00.002+05:30

MOBILE 3GP CONVERTER

The Mobile 3GP converter is using "3GPtoRawAVI" converter to convert 3GP files (3rd Generation Partnership Project, *.3gp) to uncompressed AVI files (*.avi) in a user-friendly way. The 3GP video files must have audio in order to be converted. The program offers two modes, one for single file conversion and a second for multiple files conversion for converting many 3GP files at once. In a single file conversion you have the option to convert only the audio, only the video or both. The 3GP file format is being used by the majority of modern mobile phones that have the ability to capture video.

Click here to download your MOBILE 3GP CONVERTER

Total Video Converter 3.50

2009-09-25T15:54:00.003+05:30

Total Video Converter 3.50

1. Convert and burn video to AVCHD which can work on PS3 and Blu-ray player. What's more, the HD video of AVCHD (*.mts, *.m2ts, *.ts) can been converted to any other video formats.

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4. Convert and burn common video to DivX-DVD. More importantly, it can work on DVD player with DivX capability.

5. Integrate a free tool for capturing game video.

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Winzip 12.1

2009-09-25T15:32:00.004+05:30

Winzip 12.1

Winzip 12.1

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Water on Moon exposed by Chandrayaan I

2009-09-25T12:26:00.002+05:30

Water on Moon exposed by Chandrayaan

In a landmark discovery, India’s maiden moon mission Chandrayaan-I has found evidence of water on the lunar surface, a finding that could trigger a serious hunt for life in outer space.

In a major leap for India’s space programme, the Moon Mapper on board the Indian space probe made the unexpected discovery that water may still be forming on the moon surface, overturning the long accepted view that lunar soil is dry.

There are strong chemical signatures of water on the moon in its high latitudes, said Carle Pieters, Principal Investigator of Nasa’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument. Chandrayaan-I, whose mission also included sniffing for water on Earth’s only natural satellite, had made the discovery before it was prematurely aborted on August 30.

Isro scientists J N Goswami and Mylswamy Annadurai, who made key contributions to the study, were ecstatic about the findings which could unleash another round of moon missions.

“Our baby has done its job,” Annadurai, Project Director for Chandrayaan-I, said by phone from Bangalore.

Pieters published her findings in the latest issue of Science where she said that M3 results show presence of small amounts of water on the uppermost surface of the moon.

While the mangnitude was not known, scientists believe a tonne of lunar soil could fetch about a litre of water. “If it weren’t for them, we wouldn’t have been able to make this discovery,” Pieters said, crediting Isro for its role in the findings.

Isro Chairman G Madhavan Nair said in Bangalore the discovery was “path-breaking”, saying no lunar odyssey so far had given a “positive” conclusion.

“There is confirmation of traces of water.It is a path-breaking event as far as Chandrayaan-I mission is concerned. It is very, very significant. So far, no mission has confirmed the presence of water positively,” Nair said.

M3 was one of the 11 instruments onboard Chandrayaan-I, which was launched on October 22 last year. The mission had to be ended abruptly after the spacecraft lost contact with the ground station.

Until now, scientists had advanced the theory that there might be ice at the permamently dark bottom of craters at the Moon’s poles but the rest of the Moon was totally dry. Now, the finding ends four-decade long speculation on whether there is water on the moon.

Scientists said the discovery could refocus interest in the moon. The appeal waned after astronauts visited 40 years ago and called it “magnificent desolation”.

Scientists first claimed that water existed on the moon about 40 years ago, after they analysed rock samples brought to earth as souvenirs by Apollo astronauts. But they had doubts about the findings, as the boxes in which the moon rocks were brought to earth had leaked, contaminating the samples with air from the atmosphere.

Scientists believe water could have been formed due to interaction of oxygen present in rocks and soil on the moon with hydrogen in the form of protons emitted by the sun as a result of nuclear fusion.

Pieters’ team found water molecules and hydroxyl at diverse areas of the sunlit region of the moon’s surface, but the water signature appeared stronger at higher latitudes.

The M3 discovery was confirmed by data from two NASA spacecraft — the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on the Cassini spacecraft and the High-Resolution Infrared Imaging Spectrometer on the EPOXI spacecraft. Data from those missions also are being published in separate papers in Science.

The M3 instrument analysed how sunlight reflected off the lunar surface to identify water particles in which scientists observed elements of chemical bonding similar to water. However, the instrument can only see the very uppermost layers of the lunar soil — perhaps to a few centimetres below the surface. Data received from Nasa’s M3 was supplemented by observations of the Isro payloads Hyper-Spectral Imager (HySI) and Moon Impact Probe (MIP).

Vettaikaran

2009-09-25T11:31:00.004+05:30

VETTAIKARAN

Cast: Vijay, Anushka

1.Chinna Thamarai 1

2.Karigalan

3.Puli Urumudhu

4.chinna thamarai 2

5.Naan adicha

6.Uchi Manda

2009-09-23T18:42:00.002+05:30

PERAANMAI
Cast: Jayam Ravi, Roland Kickinger, Vadivelu, Saranya

1.Kaadu kalai katta
2.kattu puli
3.Thupakki pen
4.when the boys
5. yera thazha ezhu mani

February 14

2009-09-22T23:01:00.000+05:30

February 14

cast: bharath

1.Ananda avasthai
2.ennachu enakku
3.Idhu kadhala
4.jana gana
5.laila majunu
6. nanba nanba

Thiru Thiru Thuru Thuru

2009-09-22T22:49:00.001+05:30

Thiru thiru Thuru thuru

1.athiri puthiri
2.Doctor mapilla
3.jillena veesum
4.theme
5.thiru thiru

yaadhumaagi

2009-09-22T22:39:00.000+05:30

YAADHUMAAGI

Cast: Sachin, Sunaina

1.Koothadichidava
2.Paarthadhum Karainthen
3.Pesum Minasaram
4.thigatta
5.yaradhu yaro
6.yadhumaagi nindraai

EERAM

2009-09-22T22:28:00.000+05:30

EERAM

CAST: Nandha, sindhu menon

1.mazhiye mazhaiye
2.saral yen
3.tharai erangiya
4.theme of eeram

Y

2009-09-22T22:20:00.000+05:30

Songs in Y List
Yogi
Yaadumaagi

Yogi

2009-09-22T22:10:00.000+05:30

Yogi
Cast: Ameer, Madhumitha

1.seermevum
2.yarodu yaro
3.yogi theme
4.yogi yogi thaan
5.yogi theme music
6.yogi yogi thaan 2

Illayaraja's sweetest Melodies

2009-09-12T13:05:00.002+05:30

BEST OF ILLAYARJA

1.Ado maga Oorvalam
2.Agaya Vennilavae
3.Arumbagi
4.Chinna Chinna
5.En Uyire
6.Ennai Thalatta
7.Goods Vandiyila
8.Guruvayurappa
9.hey vare
10. hey mayna
11.holy holy
12.Ilavattam
13.Indhamaan
14.Innum Ennai
15.Isai medaiyil
16.Kadhal kavithaigal
17.Kalyana thenila
18.Kannale kadhal
19.Kannane Nee
20.Kaviyam pada va
21.Keladi Kanmani
22.kolli mala charalile
23.koondukulley ennai
24.Kudagu Malai
25.Kungumama Manjalukku
26.Manguyile
27.Malare thenral
28.MannarManne
29.Manil Indha
30.Muthu muthu
31.Muthu mani malai
32.Naan Koduthadhai
33.Nanenbhadhu
34.Nadodi
35.Nenchukullay
36.Nee padhi Nan Padhi
37.Neelakuyilae
38.nikkatum
39.Nila Kayum
40.Nilavu
41.Ninaithathu
42.o papa lali
43.O priya priya
44.oh butterfly
45.oru kadhal devadhai
46.oru kanam
47.oru patampoochi
48.Pada vantha kanam
49.Padu Nilavae
50.Paarijadha Poove
51.Pacha Malai poovu
52.Pani vizhum
53.Vanitha mani
54.Nilave va
55.Aadi masam
56.Aapakada
57.Ayiram
58.Asai Nooruvagai
59.chinna mani kuyile
60.Azhagu malarada
61.Enna satham intha
62.Ilaya Nila
63.Kalyana malai
64.kanmani
65.Nanaaga naanillai
66.Mnara vantha thendralukku
67.Naanoru sindhu
68.Nee oru kadhal
69.ooru sanam
70.poomalaiye
71.vachukkava
72.vellai pura ondru
73.yeh aatha
74.yennama kannu
75.vaa vennila

UNNAI POL ORUVAN

2009-09-12T12:34:00.000+05:30

UNNAI POL ORUVAN

Cast: Kamal Hasan, Mohanlal

1.Allah Jano I
2.Allah Jano II
3.Nilai Varuma
4.Unnai Pol Oruvan
5.Vanam ellai

Photo Editor

2009-09-08T13:08:00.000+05:30

Photo Editor
• Version:1.1
• Date: 17th sep.08
• Size: 7.78 Mb
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Free Download Manager3.0

2009-09-08T13:02:00.000+05:30

Free Download Manager version. 3.0

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FDM 3.0

DAP 9.3.0.3

2009-09-08T12:08:00.000+05:30

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Tested by 3 antivirus solutions, this software does not contain any kind of trojans, spyware or viruses.
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DAP 9.3.0.3

2009-08-29T10:08:00.000+05:30

Photo Flash Maker Free Version

Photo Flash Maker free version is a light-weight and easy-to-use flash creator. With this freeware, you can create flash slideshows with photos and music, in only a few steps. Photo Flash Maker (free version) provides user-friendly interface, ready-for-use flash templates and effects, and more features.

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2009-08-26T17:15:00.000+05:30

Turbo c++

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Turboc++

Ninaithale inikkum

2009-08-23T23:16:00.000+05:30

1.hey sexy
2. Piya piya

Poda Podi

2009-08-23T12:26:00.000+05:30

Poda Podi
Cast: Simbhu

1. Ennai Kolathey
2.kuchi kuchi rackamma

Subramaniyapuram

2009-08-23T12:15:00.000+05:30

Subramaniyapuram
Cast: Jay, Sasi, Swathi
1.Thaneeril Snehitham
2.Kadhal siluvayil
3.Kangal Irandal
4.Madura Kulunga
5.theme

2009-08-23T09:22:00.000+05:30

Naan Kadavul

Cast: Arya, Pooja

1.Amma Un Pillai
2.Kannil Paarvai
3.Maadah Kovilil
4.Om Siva Om
5.Oru Katril
6.Pichai Pathiram

Clear perception of Swine Flu- A(H1N1)

2009-08-21T18:03:00.000+05:30

What is the swine flu?

The swine influenza A (H1N1) virus that has infected humans in the U.S. and Mexico is a novel influenza A virus that has not previously been identified in North America. This virus is resistant to the antiviral medications amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine), but is sensitive to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Investigations of these cases suggest that on-going human-to-human swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is occurring.

What are the symptoms of swine flu?

Although uncomplicated influenza-like illness (fever, cough or sore throat) has been reported in many cases, mild respiratory illness (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea) without fever and occasional severe disease also has been reported. Other symptoms reported with swine influenza A virus infection include vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, headache, chills, fatigue, and dyspnea. Conjunctivitis is rare, but has been reported. Severe disease (pneumonia, respiratory failure) and fatal outcomes have been reported with swine influenza A virus infection. The potential for exacerbation of underlying chronic medical conditions or invasive bacterial infection with swine influenza A virus infection should be considered.

Interim Recommendations

For clinical care or collection of respiratory specimens from a symptomatic individual (acute respiratory symptoms with or without fever) who is a confirmed case, or a suspected case (ill close contact of a confirmed case) of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection:
Infectious Period

Persons with swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection should be considered potentially contagious for up to 7 days following illness onset. Persons who continue to be ill longer than 7 days after illness onset should be considered potentially contagious until symptoms have resolved. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods. The duration of infectiousness might vary by swine influenza A (H1N1) virus strain. Non-hospitalized ill persons who are a confirmed or suspected case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection are recommended to stay at home (voluntary isolation) for at least the first 7 days after illness onset except to seek medical care.
Case definitions
A confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is defined as a person with an acute respiratory illness with laboratory confirmed swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection at CDC by one or more of the following tests:
real-time RT-PCR
viral culture
four-fold rise in swine influenza A (H1N1) virus-specific neutralizing antibodies
A suspected case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is defined as a person with acute febrile respiratory illness with onset within 7 days of close contact with a person who is a confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
Close contact is defined as: within about 6 feet of an ill person who is a confirmed or suspected case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
Close contact is defined as: within about 6 feet of an ill person who is a confirmed case of swine influenza A virus infection
Acute respiratory illness is defined as recent onset of at least two of the following: rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, sore throat, cough (with or without fever or feverishness)
Recommendations for public health personnel
For interviews of healthy individuals (i.e. without a current respiratory illness), including close contacts of cases of confirmed swine influenza virus infection, no personal protective equipment or antiviral chemoprophylaxis is needed. See section on antiviral chemoprophylaxis for further guidance.
For interviews of an ill, suspected or confirmed swine influenza A virus case, the following is recommended:
Keep a distance of at least 6 feet from the ill person; or
Personal protective equipment: fit-tested N95 respirator [if unavailable, wear a medical (surgical mask)].
For collecting respiratory specimens from an ill confirmed or suspected swine influenza A virus case, the following is recommended:
Personal protective equipment: fit-tested disposable N95 respirator [if unavailable, wear a medical (surgical mask)], disposable gloves, gown, and goggles.
When completed, place all PPE in a biohazard bag for appropriate disposal.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or alcohol-based hand gel.

Infection Control

Recommended Infection Control for a non-hospitalized patient (ER, clinic or home visit):
Separation from others in single room if available until asymptomatic. If the ill person needs to move to another part of the house, they should wear a mask. The ill person should be encouraged to wash hand frequently and follow respiratory hygiene practices. Cups and other utensils used by the ill person should be thoroughly washed with soap and water before use by other persons.

Antiviral Treatment
Suspected Cases

Empiric antiviral treatment is recommended for any ill person suspected to have swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment with either zanamivir alone or with a combination of oseltamivir and either amantadine or rimantadine should be initiated as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Recommended duration of treatment is five days. Recommendations for use of antivirals may change as data on antiviral susceptibilities become available. Antiviral doses and schedules recommended for treatment of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection are the same as those recommended for seasonal influenza:

Confirmed Cases

For antiviral treatment of a confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, either oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may be administered. Recommended duration of treatment is five days. These same antivirals should be considered for treatment of cases that test positive for influenza A but test negative for seasonal influenza viruses H3 and H1 by PCR.
Pregnant Women
Oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine are all "Pregnancy Category C" medications, indicating that no clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety of these medications for pregnant women. Only two cases of amantadine use for severe influenza illness during the third trimester have been reported. However, both amantadine and rimantadine have been demonstrated in animal studies to be teratogenic and embryotoxic when administered at substantially high doses. Because of the unknown effects of influenza antiviral drugs on pregnant women and their fetuses, these four drugs should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus; the manufacturers' package inserts should be consulted. However, no adverse effects have been reported among women who received oseltamivir or zanamivir during pregnancy or among infants born to such women.
Antiviral Chemoprophylaxis
For antiviral chemoprophylaxis of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, either oseltamivir or zanamivir are recommended. Duration of antiviral chemoprophylaxis is 7 days after the last known exposure to an ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Antiviral dosing and schedules recommended for chemoprophylaxis of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection are the same as those recommended for seasonal influenza:
Antiviral chemoprophylaxis (pre-exposure or post-exposure) with either oseltamivir or zanamivir is recommended for the following individuals:
Household close contacts who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly) of a confirmed or suspected case.
School children who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions) who had close contact (face-to-face) with a confirmed or suspected case.
Travelers to Mexico who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly).
Border workers (Mexico) who are at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly).
Health care workers or public health workers who had unprotected close contact with an ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection during the case's infectious period.
Antiviral chemoprophylaxis (pre-exposure or post-exposure) with either oseltamivir or zanamivir can be considered for the following:
Any health care worker who is at high-risk for complications of influenza (persons with certain chronic medical conditions, elderly) who is working in an area with confirmed swine influenza A (H1N1) cases, and who is caring for patients with any acute febrile respiratory illness.
Non-high risk persons who are travelers to Mexico, first responders, or border workers who are working in areas with confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
Will a face mask protect me from getting the swine flu, and are there differences in face masks?
Information on the effectiveness of facemasks and respirators for the control of influenza in community settings is extremely limited. Thus, it is difficult to assess their potential effectiveness in controlling swine influenza A (H1N1) virus transmission in these settings. In the absence of clear scientific data, the interim recommendations below have been developed on the basis of public health judgment and the historical use of facemasks and respirators in other settings.
In areas with confirmed human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, the risk for infection can be reduced through a combination of actions. No single action will provide complete protection, but an approach combining the following steps can help decrease the likelihood of transmission. These actions include frequent handwashing, covering coughs, and having ill persons stay home, except to seek medical care, and minimize contact with others in the household. Additional measures that can limit transmission of a new influenza strain include voluntary home quarantine of members of households with confirmed or probable swine influenza cases, reduction of unnecessary social contacts, and avoidance whenever possible of crowded settings.
When it is absolutely necessary to enter a crowded setting or to have close contact3 with persons who might be ill, the time spent in that setting should be as short as possible. If used correctly, facemasks and respirators may help reduce the risk of getting influenza, but they should be used along with other preventive measures, such as avoiding close contact and maintaining good hand hygiene. A respirator that fits snugly on your face can filter out small particles that can be inhaled around the edges of a facemask, but compared with a facemask it is harder to breathe through a respirator for long periods of time.
When crowded settings or close contact with others cannot be avoided, the use of facemasks or respirators in areas where transmission of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus has been confirmed should be considered as follows:
Whenever possible, rather than relying on the use of facemasks or respirators, close contact with people who might be ill and being in crowded settings should be avoided.
Facemasks should be considered for use by individuals who enter crowded settings, both to protect their nose and mouth from other people's coughs and to reduce the wearers' likelihood of coughing on others; the time spent in crowded settings should be as short as possible.
Respirators should be considered for use by individuals for whom close contact with an infectious person is unavoidable. This can include selected individuals who must care for a sick person (e.g., family member with a respiratory infection) at home.
These interim recommendations will be revised as new information about the use of facemasks and respirators in the current setting becomes available.
What are the types of face masks and respirators?

Unless otherwise specified, the term "facemasks" refers to disposable masks cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as medical devices. This includes facemasks labeled as surgical, dental, medical procedure, isolation, or laser masks. Such facemasks have several designs. One type is affixed to the head with two ties, conforms to the face with the aid of a flexible adjustment for the nose bridge, and may be flat/pleated or duck-billed in shape. Another type of facemask is pre-molded, adheres to the head with a single elastic band, and has a flexible adjustment for the nose bridge. A third type is flat/pleated and affixes to the head with ear loops. Facemasks cleared by the FDA for use as medical devices have been determined to have specific levels of protection from penetration of blood and body fluids.
Unless otherwise specified, "respirator" refers to an N95 or higher filtering facepiece respirator certified by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Three feet has often been used by infection control professionals to define close contact and is based on studies of respiratory infections; however, for practical purposes, this distance may range up to 6 feet. The World Health Organization uses "approximately 1 meter"; the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration uses "within 6 feet." For consistency with these estimates, this document defines close contact as a distance of up to 6 feet.

What is swine flu?
(Note: U.S. researchers are trying to term 2009 swine flu viruses as H1N1 flu viruses as of April 2009.)
Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs and result in nasal secretions, a barking-like cough, decreased appetite, and listless behavior. Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people. Swine flu can last about one to two weeks in pigs that survive. Swine influenza virus was first isolated from pigs in 1930 in the U.S. and has been recognized by pork producers and veterinarians to cause infections in pigs worldwide. In a number of instances, people have developed the swine flu infection when they are closely associated with pigs (for example, farmers, pork processors), and likewise, pig populations have occasionally been infected with the human flu infection. In most instances, the cross-species infections (swine virus to man; human flu virus to pigs) have remained in local areas and have not caused national or worldwide infections in either pigs or humans. Unfortunately, this cross-species situation with influenza viruses has had the potential to change. Investigators think the 2009 swine flu strain, first seen in Mexico, should be termed H1N1 flu since it is mainly found infecting people and exhibits two main surface antigens, H1 (hemagglutinin type 1) and N1 (neuraminidase type1).

Why is swine flu now infecting humans?
Many researchers now consider that two main series of events can lead to swine flu (and also avian or bird flu) becoming a major cause for influenza illness in humans.
First, the influenza viruses (types A, B, C) are enveloped RNA viruses with a segmented genome; this means the viral RNA genetic code is not a single strand of RNA but exists as eight different RNA segments in the influenza viruses. A human (or bird) influenza virus can infect a pig respiratory cell at the same time as a swine influenza virus; some of the replicating RNA strands from the human virus can get mistakenly enclosed inside the enveloped swine influenza virus. For example, one cell could contain eight swine flu and eight human flu RNA segments. The total number of RNA types in one cell would be 16; four swine and four human flu RNA segments could be incorporated into one particle, making a viable eight RNA segmented flu virus from the 16 available segment types. Various combinations of RNA segments can result in a new subtype of virus (known as antigenic shift) that may have the ability to preferentially infect humans but still show characteristics unique to the swine influenza virus (see Figure 1). It is even possible to include RNA strands from birds, swine, and human influenza viruses into one virus if a cell becomes infected with all three types of influenza (for example, two bird flu, three swine flu, and three human flu RNA segments to produce a viable eight-segment new type of flu viral genome). Formation of a new viral type is considered to be antigenic shift; small changes in an individual RNA segment in flu viruses are termed antigenic drift and result in minor changes in the virus. However, these can accumulate over time to produce enough minor changes that cumulatively change the virus' antigenic makeup over time (usually years).
Second, pigs can play a unique role as an intermediary host to new flu types because pig respiratory cells can be infected directly with bird, human, and other mammalian flu viruses. Consequently, pig respiratory cells are able to be infected with many types of flu and can function as a "mixing pot" for flu RNA segments (see Figure 1). Bird flu viruses, which usually infect the gastrointestinal cells of many bird species, are shed in bird feces. Pigs can pick these viruses up from the environment and seem to be the major way that bird flu virus RNA segments enter the mammalian flu virus population.

Figure 1.
What are the symptoms of swine (H1N1) flu?
Symptoms of swine flu are similar to most influenza infections: fever (100F or greater), cough, nasal secretions, fatigue, and headache, with fatigue being reported in most infected individuals. Some patients also get nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In Mexico, many of the patients are young adults, which made some investigators speculate that a strong immune response may cause some collateral tissue damage. Some patients develop severe respiratory symptoms and need respiratory support (such as a ventilator to breathe for the patient). Patients can get pneumonia (bacterial secondary infection) if the viral infection persists, and some can develop seizures. Death often occurs from secondary bacterial infection of the lungs; appropriate antibiotics need to be used in these patients. The usual mortality (death) rate for typical influenza A is about 0.1%, while the 1918 "Spanish flu" epidemic had an estimated mortality rate ranging from 2%-20%. Swine flu in Mexico (as of April 2009) has had about 160 deaths and about 2,500 confirmed cases, which would correspond to a mortality rate of about 6%, but it is far too early to be sure this is the true mortality rate because the data is still being collected and there are new infections being reported in Mexico. By June 2009, the virus had reached 74 different countries on every continent except Antarctica.

How is swine flu (H1N1) diagnosed?
Swine flu is presumptively diagnosed clinically by the patient's history of association with people known to have the disease and their symptoms listed above. Usually, a quick test (for example, nasopharyngeal swab sample) is done to see if the patient is infected with influenza A or B virus. Most of the tests can distinguish between A and B types. The test can be negative (no flu infection) or positive for type A and B. If the test is positive for type B, the flu is not likely to be swine flu (H1N1). If it is positive for type A, the person could have a conventional flu strain or swine flu (H1N1). Swine flu (H1N1) is definitively diagnosed by identifying the particular antigens associated with the virus type. In general, this test is done in a specialized laboratory and is not done by many doctors' offices or hospital laboratories. However, doctors' offices are able to send specimens to specialized laboratories if necessary.
What treatment is available for swine (H1N1) flu?
Although the greatest treatment for influenza infections in humans is prevention by vaccination, to date (June 2009), there is no vaccine available for swine (H1N1) flu. Ongoing work by several laboratories is likely to produce a vaccine later this year. Two antiviral agents have been reported to help prevent or reduce the effects of swine flu. They are zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu), both of which are also used to prevent or reduce influenza A and B symptoms. These drugs should not be used indiscriminately, because viral resistance to them can and has occurred. Also, they are not recommended if the flu symptoms already have been present for 48 hours or more. Severe infections in some patients may require additional supportive measures such as ventilation support and treatment of other infections like pneumonia that can occur in patients with a severe flu infection. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has suggested in their interim guidelines that pregnant females can be treated with the two antiviral agents.
What is the history of swine flu?
In 1976, there was an outbreak of swine flu at Fort Dix. This virus is not the same as the 2009 outbreak, but it was similar insofar as it was an influenza A virus that had similarities to the swine flu virus. There was one death at Fort Dix. The government decided to produce a vaccine against this virus, but the vaccine was associated with neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome) and was discontinued. Some individuals speculate that formalin, used to inactivate the virus, may have played a role in the development of this complication in 1976. There is no evidence that anyone who obtained this vaccine would be protected against the 2009 swine flu. One of the reasons it takes a few months to develop a new vaccine is to test the vaccine for safety to avoid the complications seen in the 1976 vaccine. New vaccines against any flu virus type are usually made by growing virus particles in eggs. A serious side effect (allergic reaction such as swelling of the airway) to vaccines can occur in people who are allergic to eggs; these people should not get flu vaccines. Individuals with active infections or diseases of the nervous system are also not recommended to get flu vaccines.

How can swine (H1N1) flu be prevented?
The best way to prevent swine flu would be the same best way to prevent other influenza infections, and that is vaccination. When a safe vaccine is developed (projected to happen in a few months), people should get vaccinated if the disease is still causing infections. The CDC says that a good way to prevent any flu disease is to avoid exposure to the virus; this is done by frequent hand washing, not touching your hands to your face (especially the nose and mouth), and avoiding any close proximity to or touching any person that may have flu symptoms. Since the virus can remain viable and infectious for about 48 hours on many surfaces, good hygiene and cleaning with soap and water or alcohol-based hand disinfectants are also recommended. Some physicians say face masks may help prevent getting airborne flu viruses (for example, from a cough or sneeze), but others think the better use for masks would be on those people who have symptoms and sneeze or cough. The use of Tamiflu or Relenza may help prevent the flu if taken before symptoms develop or reduce symptoms if taken within about 48 hours after symptoms develop. However, taking these drugs is not routinely recommended for prevention because investigators suggest that as occurs with most drugs, flu strains will develop resistance to these medications. Your doctor should be consulted before these drugs are prescribed.
In general, preventive measures to prevent the spread of flu are often undertaken by those people who have symptoms. Symptomatic people should stay at home, avoid crowds, and take off from work or school until the disease improves or medical help is sought. Sneezing, coughing, and nasal secretions need to be kept away from other people; simply using tissues and disposing of them will help others. Quarantining patients is usually not warranted, but such measures depend on the severity of the disease.

Is swine flu (H1N1) a cause of an epidemic or pandemic in 2009?
An epidemic is defined as an outbreak of a contagious disease that is rapid and widespread, affecting many individuals at the same time. The swine flu outbreak in Mexico fits this definition. A pandemic is an epidemic that becomes so widespread that it affects a region, continent, or the world. As of April 2009, the H1N1 swine flu outbreak does not meet this definition. However, as of June 11, 2009, WHO officials determined that H1N1 2009 influenza A swine flu reached WHO level 6 criteria (person-to-person transmission in two separate WHO-determined world regions) and declared the first flu pandemic in 41 years. To date, the flu has reached 74 different countries on every continent except Antarctica in about three month's time; fortunately, the severity of the disease has not increased.

What is the prognosis (outlook) for patients that get swine flu (H1N1)?
The following is speculation on the prognosis for swine flu (H1N1) because this disease has only been recently diagnosed and the data is changing daily. This section is based on currently available information.
In general, the majority (about 90%-95%) of people that get the disease feel terrible (see symptoms) but recover with no problems, as seen in patients in both Mexico and the U.S. Caution must be taken as the swine flu (H1N1) is still spreading and may become a pandemic. So far, young adults have not done well, and in Mexico, this group currently has the highest mortality rate, but this data could quickly change. The first traceable case in Mexico, termed "patient zero," was a 5-year-old child in Veracruz who has completely recovered. Investigators noted that large pig farms were located close to the boy's home. The first death in the U.S. occurred in a 23-month-old child who was visiting Texas from Mexico but apparently caught the disease in Mexico.
People with depressed immune systems historically have worse outcomes than uncompromised individuals; investigators suspect that as swine flu (H1N1) spreads, the mortality rates may rise and be high in this population. Unfortunately, the problem with the prognosis is still unclear. If the mortality is like the conventional flu that causes mortality rates of about 0.1%, the result would be about 35,000 deaths per year because of the huge number of people that get infected. If the Mexico swine flu (H1N1) ends up with a mortality rate of about 6% and infects the same number of millions of people as conventional flu viruses, the projected numbers could be as high as 2 million deaths in the U.S. alone. This is a bad prognosis for about 2 million people and their families; these potential deaths are major reasons that health officials are so concerned about the spread of this new virus.
Another confounding problem with the prognosis of swine flu (H1N1) is that the disease is occurring and spreading in high numbers at the usual end of the flu season. Most flu outbreaks happen between November to the following April, with peak activity between late December to March. This outbreak is not following the usual flu pattern. Some scientists think that swine flu (H1N1) will quickly die out in the summer and may not ever return, while others think it may die down but return with many more cases in the fall, and still others speculate it will become a pandemic that will resemble the outcomes similar to the 1918 influenza pandemic. Some suggest it may resemble the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus strain) outbreak in 2002-2003 in which the disease spread to about 10 countries with over 7,000 cases, over 700 deaths, and a 10% mortality rate. Effective isolation of patients was done in this case, and many investigators think the outbreak was stopped due to this measure. Because swine flu (H1N1) is a new virus and does not seem to be following the usual flu disease pattern, any prognosis is speculative.

Timeline update H1N1 2009 swine flu
This timeline is provided to keep readers updated on subjects, information, and data related to the flu outbreak first noted in Mexico in 2009 and to augment the information found in the article written above. Updates are written by Dr. Charles Davis.
8/19/09: Today the CDC released guidelines for businesses and employers for the 2009-2010 flu season. It is an extensive document that covers many pages of recommendations. The document is published at the following Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/business/guidance/. Key aspects of the guidelines involve details about the following:
Sick people should stay home.
Sick employees at work should be asked to go home.
Cover coughs and sneezes.
Improve hand hygiene.
Clean surfaces and items that are more likely to have frequent hand contact.
Encourage employees to get vaccinated.
Take measures to protect employees who are at higher risk for complications of influenza.
Prepare for increased numbers of employee absences due to illness in employees and their family members, and plan ways for essential business functions to continue.
Advise employees before traveling to take certain steps.
Prepare for the possibility of school dismissal or temporary closure of child-care programs.
If the flu season becomes severe, the CDC recommends the following additional precautions:
Consider active screening of employees who report to work.
Consider alternative work environments for employees at higher risk for complications of influenza during periods of increased influenza activity in the community.
Consider increasing social distancing in the workplace.
Consider canceling nonessential business travel and advising employees about possible disruptions while traveling overseas.
Prepare for school dismissal or closure of child-care programs.
Other considerations
Each one of the above points is described in detail at the Web site. One important subset of recommendations that should be highlighted is as follows: "CDC recommends that workers who appear to have an influenza-like illness upon arrival or become ill during the day be promptly separated from other workers and be advised to go home until at least 24 hours after they are free of fever (100 F [37.8 C] or greater), or signs of a fever, without the use of fever-reducing medications."
8/16/09: Egypt and other countries have banned people under age 12 and over age 65 from going on pilgrimage to Mecca during Ramadan in an effort to prevent novel H1N1 swine flu spread. Apparently, not all of those planning a pilgrimage are aware of the restrictions that went into effect Sunday morning, as angry people reacted to the travel restrictions at the Cairo airport today. A number of people were removed after they had already boarded planes bound for Mecca.
8/14/09: The CDC reported today the total number of patients hospitalized (7,511) and total deaths (477) due to novel H1N1 swine flu. The mortality, or death rate, for hospitalized patients is about 6.7%. The CDC reported that as of 8/8/09, only two novel H1N1 strains out of 318 tested showed resistances to oseltamivir, and none were resistant to zanamivir
8/11/09: Novel H1N1 swine flu vaccine trials began in the U.S. yesterday in St. Louis with several hundred volunteers obtaining the vaccine inoculation. Not all doctors think that starting school classes during this flu pandemic is a good idea. For example, a U.K. professor, Dr. Price, says, "There is no greater way of facilitating the spread of swine flu than allowing children to mix in schools. If we had a vaccine, it would be a different matter, but given we don't yet, it would in my view be foolhardy to allow children back to school. It's a discussion that needs to be had." Currently, the CDC and many other international health agencies recommend schools reopen, and any closures should be determined by local officials.
8/09/09: Several reports now have noted the presence of Tamiflu-resistant novel H1N1 virus. Some investigators have suggested the resistance is due to the production of H274Y, a new surface antigen that has reportedly been detected in several resistant flu isolates. Researchers suggest that resistant isolates may be more common than thought, since recent tests have detected a number of isolates with H274Y antigen.
8/7/09: The CDC has published extensive and technical recommendations for schools to consider during the upcoming 2009-2010 flu season. All of the details can be found at http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/school/schoolguidance.html. The following points are taken directly from the report and are presented in two parts that consider actions depending on the potential severity of the flu season:
CDC-recommended school responses for the 2009-2010 school yearUnder conditions with similar severity as in spring 2009
Stay home when sick: Those with flu-like illness should stay home for at least 24 hours after they no longer have a fever, or signs of a fever, without the use of fever-reducing medicines. They should stay home even if they are using antiviral drugs. (For more information, visit http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance/exclusion.htm.)
Separate ill students and staff: Students and staff who appear to have flu-like illness should be sent to a room separate from others until they can be sent home. The CDC recommends that they wear a surgical mask, if possible, and that those who care for ill students and staff wear protective gear such as a mask.
Hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette: The new recommendations emphasize the importance of the basic foundations of influenza prevention: Stay home when sick, wash hands frequently with soap and water when possible, and cover noses and mouths with a tissue when coughing or sneezing (or a shirt sleeve or elbow if no tissue is available).
Routine cleaning: School staff should routinely clean areas that students and staff touch often with the cleaners they typically use. Special cleaning with bleach and other non-detergent-based cleaners is not necessary.
Early treatment of high-risk students and staff: People at high risk for influenza complications who become ill with influenza-like illness should speak with their health-care provider as soon as possible. Early treatment with antiviral medications is very important for people at high risk because it can prevent hospitalizations and deaths. People at high risk include those who are pregnant, have asthma or diabetes, have compromised immune systems, or have neuromuscular diseases.
Consideration of selective school dismissal: Although there are not many schools where all or most students are at high risk (for example, schools for medically fragile children or for pregnant students), a community might decide to dismiss such a school to better protect these high-risk students.
Under conditions of increased severity compared with spring 2009
The CDC may recommend additional measures to help protect students and staff if global and national assessments indicate that influenza is causing more severe disease. In addition, local health and education officials may elect to implement some of these additional measures. Except for school dismissals, these strategies have not been scientifically tested. But the CDC wants communities to have tools to use that may be the right measures for their community and circumstances.
Active screening: Schools should check students and staff for fever and other symptoms of flu when they get to school in the morning, separate those who are ill, and send them home as soon as possible. Throughout the day, staff should be vigilant in identifying students and other staff who appear ill.
High-risk students and staff members stay home: People at high risk of flu complications should talk to their doctor about staying home from school when an outbreak of flu is circulating in the community. Schools should plan now for ways to continue educating students who stay home through instructional phone calls, homework packets, Internet lessons, and other approaches.
Students with ill household members stay home: Students who have an ill household member should stay home for five days from the day the first household member got sick. This is the time period they are most likely to get sick themselves.
Increase distance between people at schools: The CDC encourages schools to try innovative ways of separating students. These can be as simple as moving desks farther apart or canceling classes that bring together children from different classrooms.
Extend the period for ill people to stay home: If influenza severity increases, people with flu-like illness should stay home for at least seven days, even if they have no more symptoms. If people are still sick, they should stay home until 24 hours after they have no symptoms.
School dismissals: School and health officials should work closely to balance the risks of flu in their community with the disruption dismissals will cause in both education and the wider community. The length of time schools should be dismissed will vary depending on the type of dismissal as well as the severity and extent of illness. Schools that dismiss students should do so for five to seven calendar days and should reassess whether or not to resume classes after that period. Schools that dismiss students should remain open to teachers and staff so they can continue to provide instruction through other means.
Reactive dismissals might be appropriate when schools are not able to maintain normal functioning; for example, when a significant number and proportion of students have documented fever while at school despite recommendations to keep ill children home.
Preemptive dismissals can be used proactively to decrease the spread of flu. The CDC may recommend preemptive school dismissals if the flu starts to cause severe disease in a significantly larger proportion of those affected.
8/6/09: Controversy is brewing over the accuracy of tests that are used to rapidly detect influenza virus infection. Most of these tests are used in doctor's offices or urgent care and emergency centers and do not indicate if the person tested has novel H1N1 swine flu. These tests only indicate if flu virus is present or, in some tests, if the virus is type A or B (novel H1N1 swine flu is type A like most seasonal flu). Different studies suggest rapid tests many have only 20%-80% accuracy in detecting flu, depending on which test is used and the skill of the personnel running the test. The CDC is reportedly going to publish a study of these tests "soon." Meanwhile, Dr. Timothy M. Uyeki, a CDC official, says, "We're saying you need to understand the limitations of these tests. The clinician should not base a decision to treat or not treat on the basis of a negative result." Detection and identification of novel H1N1 swine flu virus is usually not done in doctors' offices or hospital labs, but in state labs usually with a sensitive and specific PCR test that most other labs do not use because of expense, training requirements, and time needed to run the test.
8/5/09: China closed summer camps in areas affected by swine flu (Beijing and Guangzhou) yesterday. Other areas in China that have swine flu may also be closed. China has reported 2,162 cases of swine flu but no deaths. In the U.S., physicians suggest that one of the major problems encountered with novel H1N1 swine flu is pneumonia. They suggest that another common vaccine, Pneumovax, may help prevent pneumonia in many patients that get the flu. Data presented to the CDC vaccine committee suggests that about one-third of all pneumonias associated with the flu may be prevented by Pneumovax. Unfortunately, there is no study that shows this effect, but some physicians plan to recommend the vaccine to patients with chronic lung problems.
8/3/09: The Pan American Health organization announced today that Tamiflu-resistant strains of novel H1N1 swine flu virus have been detected in the U.S. in El Paso and near McAllen, Texas, along the Texas-Mexico border. Other countries (Japan, Denmark, and Canada) have also detected similar resistant viral strains. Viral experts suggest the drug Tamiflu may be overused by people who take it "at the first sneeze," especially in countries where Tamiflu does not require a prescription (Mexico, Canada).
7/31/09: The WHO reported that several countries have noted an increased flu risk in pregnant women, particularly during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in women infected with novel H1N1 swine flu. Also, an increased risk of fetal death or spontaneous abortions in infected pregnant women has been reported, which was noted in previous pandemics. WHO officials suggest pregnant females be given Tamiflu within 48 hours of developing flu symptoms for greatest benefits; they also suggest this treatment even after 48 hours as it may reduce the chance for pneumonia and hospitalization. The WHO suggests that other groups at increased risk of severe or fatal illness from novel H1N1 infection include people with underlying medical conditions such as chronic lung disease (including asthma), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and immunosuppressed individuals. WHO officials say preliminary studies suggest that obesity, especially extreme obesity, may be a risk factor for more severe disease.
Novel H1N1 swine flu can progress rapidly. The following is a list of danger signs provided by WHO officials that may appear in infected individuals:
shortness of breath, either during physical activity or while resting;
difficulty in breathing;
turning blue;
bloody or colored (not clear) sputum;
chest pain;
altered mental status;
high fever that persists beyond three days;
low blood pressure; and
in children, danger signs include fast or difficult breathing, lack of alertness, difficulty in waking up, and little or no desire to play.
Novel H1N1-infected people with any of these danger signs need to seek medical help immediately.
7/29/09: The CDC committee on vaccine use today published recommendations about who should get the novel H1N1 flu vaccines when vaccine is first available:
pregnant women,
people who live with or care for children younger than 6 months of age,
health-care and emergency-services personnel,
people between the ages of 6 months through 24 years of age, and
people from ages 25 through 64 years of age who are at higher risk for novel H1N1 because of chronic health disorders or compromised immune systems.
The groups listed above total approximately 159 million people in the United States, so at least that number of doses of vaccine will be needed. It is possible that initially the vaccine will be available only in limited quantities. If this occurs, the committee recommended that the following groups receive the vaccine before others:
pregnant women,
people who live with or care for children younger than 6 months of age,
health-care and emergency-services personnel with direct patient contact,
children 6 months through 4 years of age, and
children 5 through 18 years of age who have chronic medical conditions.
Current data suggests that the risk for infection among people age 65 or older for novel H1N1 flu is less than the risk for younger age groups, which is not the usual situation for seasonal flu. However, the CDC suggests people 65 and older get the seasonal flu vaccine as soon as it becomes available.
The CDC says that the novel H1N1 vaccine does not replace the conventional flu vaccine, so individuals still need to be vaccinated against the seasonal flu. The CDC indicated that when appropriate, an individual can get both vaccines administered on the same day.7/28/09: Controversy continues about the safety of European fast-track novel H1N1 swine flu vaccines. WHO officials continue to caution against the fast-track approach because of safety concerns; they want more extensive testing done to avoid problems like those that occurred with the 1976 flu vaccine that resulted in hundreds of people getting Guillain-Barré syndrome (autoimmune-induced weakness or paralysis), other side effects, or dosage-related low or no immune response. The U.S. is not following a fast-track approach.
7/27/09: Several European countries (Britain, France, and Greece) indicated they will fast-track novel H1N1 swine flu vaccine trials. WHO officials warned officials about potential dangers (missed side effects and adequate vaccine dosage determinations) if a fast-track method is used. The European officials say the benefits outweigh the risks and will allow earlier vaccinations (within weeks) to be done. The U.S. is taking a more conservative approach and plans to have a vaccine campaign ready in October.
7/24/09: The WHO reported today that novel H1N1cases are increasing worldwide, with the median age of infected people being 12 -17 years of age. Because pandemics often run for about two years, the patient population and the most susceptible people may change as the disease progresses over time. The WHO suggests that although vaccine yields are not as high as hoped, they expect vaccines to be available during the month of September. The CDC press conference today released data indicating that 43,771 laboratory-identified cases with 302 deaths were due to the new novel H1N1 virus. The officials indicate several flu outbreaks have occurred at summer camps and cautioned that more outbreaks may occur in a similar fashion when schools open in September. Use of Tamiflu (and other antiviral medications) was not recommended for any flu prevention except in high-risk individuals (for example, pregnancy, asthma) and people were urged to go to CDC Web sites for guidelines. Currently, flu vaccines were not going to be mandated for school-aged children, but the CDC did recommend that all children between 6 months and 17 years of age be vaccinated against flu viruses. The CDC now reports that labs have detected about five novel H1N1 cases that are Tamiflu-resistant, but the vast majority of isolates is still susceptible to antiviral drugs. During the conference, several reporters tried to get Dr. Schuchat to estimate the death rate for novel H1N1, but Dr. Schuchat only indicated that overall rates from both the conventional flu and novel H1N1 flu are likely to be higher than the approximately 36,000 deaths per year seen with only the conventional flu. The CDC would not speculate about how much higher the expected death rates would be. New influenza vaccine recommendations were released today by the CDC and can be found at http://www.cdc.gov.
7/22/09: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is set to begin clinical trials of vaccines for novel H1N1 swine flu. Initial studies will try to determine if one or two doses of vaccine will be safe and generate a good immune response in normal adult volunteers and the elderly (age 65 and older). Another trial will determine if a mix (a single shot) of the seasonal flu vaccine and the novel H1N1 vaccine will provide a safe and good immune response to both viral strains in normal adult volunteers and the elderly (age 65 and older). First examinations of the results will occur about 21 days after immunization. If these trials initially show the vaccines are safe, other trials will be started on children (6 months to 17 years of age).
7/20/09: Transcripts from the CDC press conference on 7/17/09 indicate that planning is ongoing for the upcoming flu season. Both the novel H1N1 pandemic flu strain and the conventional flu strain are expected to be present during the upcoming flu season. Because the novel H1N1 strain continues to infect individuals, they expect the flu season to start early this year, especially when schools begin to open in September. On 7/29/09, planning for immunization will commence, to recommend which people should get vaccinated first. The CDC suggests that additions to the vaccines to make them more effective (adjuvants) are contingent upon showing that such additives are needed to boost vaccine immunogenicity. The studies are ongoing.
7/17/09: Today, the CDC reports a total of 40,617 suspected or proven cases of H1N1 swine flu with a total of 263 deaths in the U.S., with Wisconsin reporting the largest number of cases (6,031) and New York the largest number of deaths (57). As stated previously (6/29/09), the CDC suspects the bulk of cases (over 1,000,000) are not reported, and people have mild or moderate flu symptoms that resolve.
7/16/09: WHO officials have changed reporting practices for the pandemic H1N1 swine flu cases. The officials say that further spread is inevitable and suggest that only those that occur in newly affected countries need reporting. In addition, WHO officials request that unusual situations, such as clusters of severe or fatal cases, be reported.
7/13/09: WHO officials identified several objectives that countries could adopt as part of their pandemic vaccination strategy and published these current recommendations by their Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on the current H1N1 flu pandemic:
All countries should immunize their health-care workers as a first priority to protect the essential health infrastructure. As vaccines available initially will not be sufficient, a stepwise approach to vaccinate particular groups may be considered. SAGE suggested the following groups for consideration, noting that countries need to determine their order of priority based on country-specific conditions: pregnant women; those over 6 months of age with one of several chronic medical conditions; healthy young adults 15-49 years of age; healthy children; healthy adults 50-64 years of age; and healthy adults 65 years of age and older.
Since new technologies are involved in the production of some pandemic vaccines, which have not yet been extensively evaluated for their safety in certain population groups, it is very important to implement post-marketing surveillance of the highest possible quality. In addition, rapid sharing of the results of immunogenicity and post-marketing safety and effectiveness studies among the international community will be essential for allowing countries to make necessary adjustments to their vaccination policies.
In view of the anticipated limited vaccine availability at a global level and the potential need to protect against "drifted" strains of virus, SAGE recommended that promoting production and use of vaccines, such as those that are formulated with oil-in-water adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccines, was important.
As most of the production of the seasonal vaccine for the 2009-2010 influenza season in the northern hemisphere is almost complete and is therefore unlikely to affect production of pandemic vaccine, SAGE did not consider that there was a need to recommend a "switch" from seasonal to pandemic vaccine production.
7/11/09: U.S. government agencies (CDC, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services and others) begin a joint meeting to determine plans to respond to the upcoming flu season.
7/8/09: Denmark, Japan, and the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong, China, have informed WHO officials that they have detected a few novel H1N1 viruses which are resistant to the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Currently, these strains have shown resistance when tested under laboratory conditions, and the vast majority of tested novel H1N1 swine flu strains still show sensitivity to oseltamivir. There is no change in recommendations about antiviral drug use from WHO officials. Argentina and Australia report the highest number of new cases in this reporting period (898 and 730, respectively) as the southern hemisphere continues its flu season.
7/3/09: The WHO has reported 77,201 cases worldwide with 332 deaths; Chile and the United Kingdom reported the highest increases in new cases since the last reporting period.
6/30/09: Today, CDC flu experts recommended that children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with chronic diseases should avoid the hajj pilgrimage when asked for advice from the Saudi government about how to avoid H1N1 swine flu problems. The CDC suggested the people would be at highest risk for getting flu complications. The pilgrimage attracts about 3 million people to Mecca and Medina. The Saudi government said they recommend pilgrims get flu shots, once they are available, at least two weeks before leaving their country before they go on pilgrimage.
6/26/09: Dr. Anne Schuchat, a CDC administrator, indicated today that the U.S. is still reporting increasing numbers of H1N1 flu cases even though the routine flu season is essentially over. She indicates the unique situation in which the U.S. is seeing increases while decreases in cases should be happening. About 99% of all isolates are the new (or novel) H1N1 influenza A virus. The CDC investigators estimate that over 1 million people have been infected in the U.S., based on the reported number of cases. Currently, the most cases occur in people under age 25 with deaths averaging at age 37. Outbreaks have been noted in several summer camps across the nation; guidelines for campers have been issued at http://www.cdc.gov/. She commented about the increases in cases in the southern hemisphere, since it is their winter season, and thinks many more cases will occur. She states that about 75% of deaths associated with novel H1N1 flu occur in individuals with underlying health problems or conditions. She indicated that five vaccine manufacturers should have clinical trials beginning later this summer and that the CDC has not yet established who should get the vaccine(s) first when they become available. The logistics of vaccinations could be complex if about 600 million doses need to be administered (about two doses for most of the U.S. population).
6/22/09: The WHO reports 52,160 cases of H1N1 swine flu with 231 deaths. The country with the most reported cases (21,449) is the U.S.
6/19/09: Recommendations for health-care personnel were published today by the CDC to help prevent flu spread to health-care workers. The following is quoted from the CDC press release: "Probably the single most important thing is that infectious patients be identified at the front door. Whether these patients are coming in through the emergency department or the ambulatory care clinic, identifying them up front is essential so health-care personnel know that they should be doing the things that we recommend; that consistent application of precautions is important to make sure that there isn't occupational exposure."
The current recommendations include using a single patient room for infectious individuals and have them cover their cough. And use respirators, gloves, eye protection when they're with a patient with probable H1N1. As always, careful attention to hand hygiene is part of standard precautions that continue to be recommended. For novel H1N1 we currently also recommend that special procedures that might generate a fine aerosol be performed in a special room with negative pressure air handling so other parts of the hospital aren't exposed to potentially infectious material."
6/18/09: Venezuela authorities have quarantined 1,219 cruise ship passengers and 460 crew members when three ship crew members tested positive for swine flu during the cruise. The quarantine will last 10 days, and the passengers and crew will remain on the ship.
6/17/09: The CDC just published two major articles on research results about H1N1 swine flu in the New England Journal of Medicine (360:2605 and 2616, 2009). The articles are written for researchers and clinicians and summarize the basic genetic and clinical data accumulated as of June 3, 2009. Two new terms are introduced that may be seen in future articles on the flu. The first is S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza Virus) and refers to the novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) that is causing the first pandemic flu in 41 years. The second term is "triple-reassortant." Triple-reassortant means the virus has a mix of eight RNA strands (genes) from three sources: avian, human, and swine viruses. They further identify S-OIV, the novel H1N1 virus, as being a triple-reassortant strain that differs from other triple-reassortant strains such as other H1N1 by having only three classic North American swine RNA strands, two Eurasian swine RNA strands, two avian RNA strands, and one human flu RNA strand instead of five classic North American swine RNA strands, two avian, and one human flu RNA strand found in the current H1N1 flu. They provide data that indicate the majority of cases of S-OIV (novel H1N1) occur in people aged 10-18 years old (40%). Diarrhea and vomiting, symptoms not usually seen in flu patients, are reported in 25% of S-OIV patients. Patients that required hospitalization were 9% of the total number of detected cases and showed a death rate of about 5% (2/36) of hospitalized patients. Anyone who wants a detailed explanation, with data, about the current pandemic viral strain of flu should read these two papers.
6/15/09: The WHO reports 76 countries with a total of 35,928 cases and 163 deaths of H1N1 influenza A swine flu.
6/11/09: WHO director Dr. Margaret Chan announced a level 6 pandemic for H1N1 2009 influenza A swine flu. The decision to declare a pandemic was reached after widespread human-to-human transmission was reached in another WHO-designated region of the globe (Australia), thus fulfilling the WHO level 6 pandemic criteria. However, officials reminded everyone that declaration of a pandemic for H1N1 flu does not indicate any major change in either the way countries respond to the disease or that the H1N1 flu has any major change in its characteristic presentation, it just indicates there is worldwide spread. The WHO suggests there is no increase in severity of symptoms of the 2009 H1N1 flu. The WHO has also not suggested any travel restrictions due to the level 6 pandemic. The WHO said that H5N1 flu is still at WHO level 3 and remarks how unusual it is to concurrently have two types of flu at these two levels. They also express caution because the H1N1 can change, and although it seems relatively stable, they express concern that it might change when the northern hemisphere enters flu season this fall. Today, the WHO reports about 28,744 H1N1 infections in 74 countries with 144 deaths around the world. The first cases on the African continent have been detected in Egypt. In a related news release, four major vaccine producers are in the early stages of H1N1 vaccine development.
6/9/09: WHO administrator Dr. Keiji Fukuda said the WHO is close to announcing a level 6 pandemic alert because of the rapid spread (over 1,000 cases reported with about 125 new cases daily) of H1N1 in Australia. The WHO has been criticized by some flu experts who think countries have pressured the WHO not to declare a pandemic. WHO officials say they are waiting to verify case reports in several countries before they declare level 6 (pandemic). The WHO has not declared a level 6 pandemic in the last 41 years.
6/7/09: The WHO reports 21,940 cases and 125 deaths worldwide.
6/5/09: Wisconsin continues to report the highest number of confirmed and suspected cases in the U.S. (2,217, an increase of 603 cases in four days). Total U.S. cases are 13,217 with 27 deaths.
6/3/09: The WHO reports that the U.S. and Australia reported the highest number of new cases in the last reporting period (1,078 and 204, respectively).
6/1/09: The CDC reports that to date there are 10,053 confirmed and probable cases of H1N1 swine flu in the U.S. with Wisconsin having the most cases (1,641). The CDC estimates that only about one in 20 cases are reported, so the CDC suggests the actual number of U.S. cases is about 200,000 cases. There have been 17 deaths reported in the U.S. Most of the cases of H1N1 currently produce mild flu symptoms. The WHO reports H1N1 swine flu in 62 countries with a total of 15,410 cases and 115 deaths. There are no cases reported on the African continent to date. Public-health officials have dropped the term "swine flu" and now use "2009 H1N1 flu" since pigs are not transmitting the disease.
5/29/09: The WHO reports that a total of 53 countries now have confirmed a total of 15,510 cases of H1N1 swine flu with a total of 99 deaths. As of today, 8,975 cases have been confirmed in the U.S. with 15 deaths. The U.S. has the highest number of confirmed cases and Mexico the highest number of deaths (85). The high number of confirmed U.S. cases may be due to testing methods available in almost every U.S. state. Today, Chinese officials released 21 U.S. students after five days of quarantine when an individual on their flight developed swine flu.
5/28/09: Australia advises about 2,000 passengers on a cruise ship docked in Sydney to quarantine themselves after at least nine confirmed cases of swine flu were found.
5/26/09: Sanofi Pasteur announces it has obtained a $190 million contract from the U.S. government to produce a swine flu vaccine. In Kuwait, 18 U.S. soldiers are reported to have swine flu.
5/23/09: CDC researchers suggest that analysis of over 50 strains of H1N1 are closely related and suggest that a single flu vaccine will likely target most, if not all, of the currently detected strains. They further suggest these findings would facilitate making an effective vaccine. The Department of Health and Human Services set aside about $1 billion for vaccine development on Friday. The WHO reports 43 countries with a total of 12,022 confirmed H1N1 cases and 86 deaths.
5/22/09: The CDC reports that only 1% of the reportedly confirmed H1N1 swine flu cases have occurred in people older than 65 years of age, while the majority of cases occurred in people 5-24 years of age. The officials speculate that older people may have been exposed to viruses in the 1930s-1950s that share some antigenic similarity to H1N1 strains and thus may provide some resistance to the virus.
5/20/09: The WHO reports 11,034 confirmed cases worldwide with a total of 85 deaths from H1N1 swine flu. To date, the WHO has not upgraded to a level 6 (pandemic); it is still at a level 5. Although CDC officials consider H1N1 to be widely spread in the U.S., WHO officials are waiting to see if H1N1 flu becomes widespread in other countries before raising the level to 6.
5/19/09: New York increases its school closings to 17 due to the numbers of suspected cases of H1N1 swine flu. WHO Director-General Dr. M. Chan addressed World Public Health Representatives today and said that the current pattern of mild illness with few deaths continues for H1N1. She cautioned the officials that because influenza viruses change rapidly, the viruses may have given everyone a "grace period" of time to better understand and treat the disease. She is concerned that the virus may interact with the H5N1 avian influenza virus populations that are "firmly established in poultry in several countries." CDC officials have estimated that about 100,000 people in the U.S. are infected with the flu virus and about half that number is infected with H1N1 swine flu; the confirmed case numbers are much smaller (5,123 cases as of May 19).
5/18/09: New York closes 11 schools after a school administrator died after getting H1N1 swine flu. The WHO is starting a conference today (World Health Assembly) about key public-health issues; the flu is likely to be a major topic of this conference. The WHO reports 40 countries are now positive for H1N1 swine flu (as compared to 29 countries reported by the WHO on May 10), with a total of 8,829 confirmed cases and 74 deaths.
5/17/09: The CDC publishes figures on the types of flu viruses reported from May 2 to May 9; the majority of isolates were novel influenza A H1N1 (34.3%) and influenza A viruses that were either unsubtyped or unsubtypable (total 40.2%). The unsubtypable viruses are thought to be variations of the novel influenza A H1N1 virus. They further report that novel influenza H1N1 virus is "antigenically and genetically unrelated to seasonal influenza A (H1N1)" and suggest that little or no protection would be afforded by current seasonal influenza vaccines. They do report some good news; to date, all tested isolates (96) of novel influenza A H1N1 are susceptible to both oseltamivir and zanamivir. However, the CDC reports that seasonal influenza A H1N1 is only sensitive to zanamivir. For more details about these reports, see http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/pdf/External_F0918.pdf; data and graphs are available.
5/15/09: The WHO reports, to date, that 34 countries have officially reported a total of 7,250 cases of H1N1 swine flu worldwide. The CDC reports H1N1 has been detected in 47 states, with a total of four deaths. Confirmed and "probable" cases are totaled at 4,714 in the U.S. Several schools were closed for one week in New York when many students and some adult staff developed flu symptoms.
5/13/09: The CDC reports that a new PCR test kit (a test that detects the genetic material of the virus) for H1N1 swine flu has been produced and is being shipped to all U.S. states and also internationally. The CDC reports that a number of novel H1N1 and "unsubtypable" viruses are being detected. Novel H1N1 viruses cause a wide range of clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue and often have accompanying nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The CDC considers "unsubtypable" virus to be antigenic variations of the novel H1N1 virus. Some investigators suggest that H1N1 mutates rapidly because there are numerous "unsubtypable" viruses.
5/12/09: Dr. A. Schuchat, interim deputy director with the CDC, says the CDC is focusing on the coming fall flu season and that the current numbers of flu cases are increasing so fast they may consider stopping counting cases. The counted cases may only represent the tip of the iceberg for the actual number of cases. Other investigators have revised the H1N1 swine flu mortality rate to be 0.4%-1.4% of cases but reiterate that the data is still incomplete.
5/10/09: The WHO reports, to date, that 29 countries have officially reported a total of 4,379 cases of H1N1 swine flu worldwide, and the infection has reached another continent -- Australia.
5/8/09: Mexico reopens all high schools and universities today after a two-week closure. Although two more deaths were reported in Mexico (revised total number of deaths in Mexico now at 44), Health Minister Jose Angel Cordova said the flu cases were declining. Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia are the first South American countries to report H1N1 swine flu cases. World Health Organization (WHO) authorities say that up to 2 billion people could be infected if the H1N1 swine flu becomes a two-year pandemic. Confirmed H1N1 cases have been detected in two more U.S. states for a total of 43 states.
5/7/09: Currently, at least 41 U. S. states have reported confirmed cases of H1N1 swine flu. The southern hemisphere is beginning the fall/winter season, and epidemiologists and other researchers plan to closely monitor this area of the world to see if H1N1 swine flu increases in numbers of cases and severity. Some investigators suggest that how H1N1 infects populations in southern hemisphere countries (for example, New Zealand) over the next few months will help predict what N1H1 will do in the upcoming flu season of the northern hemisphere. The WHO has reported H1N1 swine flu cases confirmed in 23 countries with a total of 2,099 cases. The WHO published revised case and death numbers in Mexico to 1,112 cases and 42 deaths; this shows a marked reduction in both cases and deaths from the numbers reported by Mexico about one week ago.
5/6/09: An announcement from vaccine producers and U.S. government sources suggests that a vaccine is being developed for the more common seasonal flu virus strain and that a second vaccine is being made specific for the H1N1 2009 swine flu virus. Authorities suggest that this second vaccine is likely to require an initial injection followed by another injection at a later date. They project this requirement because people have not been exposed to H1N1 and to get a good immune response, people will need a "booster shot" (a second immunization) to enhance a person's immune response to the new H1N1 virus. Consequently, a total of three vaccine shots for the 2009-2010 flu season will likely necessary to provide an immune response that may protect individuals from the various flu viruses. Many doctors think that obtaining three, instead of one, vaccine inoculations will hamper attempts to vaccinate the general population. The WHO said about 1,600 cases of H1N1 are confirmed in about 23 countries worldwide.
5/5/09: The first U.S. death reportedly due to H1N1 virus was reported in Texas in a 33-year-old woman with multiple health issues. Over 400 schools are closed nationwide, but investigators suggest this has not been effective and suggest schools be opened since the virus is already being passed person-to-person in over 35 U.S. states. Mexico today began reducing restrictions on businesses and allowing shops to open because flu cases have begun to decline and the severity of the disease seems much less than first thought.
5/4/09: The U.S. reports a total of over 200 cases of H1N1 swine flu confirmed in about 31 states; currently, there have been no fatalities other than one child (with additional health issues) in Texas that got the disease while in Mexico. CDC officials have cautious optimism that this epidemic may not cause as many severe cases as first thought.
5/3/09: Reports from Egypt indicate many pig farms are killing off their pigs in an effort to prevent spread of "swine flu." Most investigators think this drastic step is not warranted. Canadian officials suggest a pig farm in Alberta was exposed to H1N1 virus when a farmer who visited Mexico returned. The officials say that pigs that test positive for H1N1 are being isolated. This is the first report of H1N1 infection transferred from an infected human to pigs.
5/2/09: The WHO and others jointly put out a notice that said to date there is no evidence N1N1 swine flu virus is transmitted by food, and properly handled and cooked pork or pork products will not be a source of infection.
5/1/09: Pork producers agree with U.S. researchers that "swine flu" should be renamed H1N1 2009 flu because the flu cannot be caught from eating properly cooked pork products. Virus researchers agree that no flu viruses are passed to humans through processed pork products.
Editorial note by Dr. Charles P. Davis:
After about one week, several significant things have occurred with H1N1 influenza A 2009 swine flu virus infections. First, the virus has been documented to spread rapidly from Mexico to the majority of U.S. states and now across borders to Europe, Asia, and South America; it has taken only about one to two weeks to accomplish this. This is good evidence that the virus spreads rapidly from person to person and that a large number of people may develop the disease. Second, with revised data from Mexico about mortality (deaths), the disease may not be nearly as deadly as first speculated. Third, most countries' health authorities are closely monitoring the disease on a daily basis, and the WHO and other national organizations worldwide are sharing data and opening up supplies (antiviral medications). This international cooperation helps everyone to understand and treat this disease. Finally, joint efforts between government agencies and pharmacological companies have already begun to work on producing a vaccine to prevent or reduce the effects of this disease. These efforts and findings that have occurred over such a short period of time should reassure people that although they should be vigilant about ways to avoid getting this disease (especially hand washing), there is no reason to be obsessively protective or to panic about H1N1 influenza A swine flu.
Swine Flu (H1N1 Influenza Virus) At A Glance
Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs and result in nasal secretions, a barking-like cough, decreased appetite, and listless behavior.
Swine flu viruses may mutate (change) so that they are easily transmissible among humans.
The 2009 swine flu outbreak is due to infection with the so-called H1N1 virus and was first observed in Mexico.
Symptoms of swine flu in humans are similar to most influenza infections: fever (100F or greater), cough, nasal secretions, fatigue, and headache.
Two antiviral agents, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu), have been reported to help prevent or reduce the effects of swine flu if taken within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
There is no vaccine currently available against swine flu, but vaccine development is underway.
Medical Author: Charles Davis, MD, PhDMedical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD

Adavan

2009-08-21T17:28:00.000+05:30

Adavan

Cast:Surya, Nayanthara

1. Damakku Dammaku
2.Dheko dheko
3.Hasile Fisile
4.masi masi
5.varayo vara
6.yeno yeno

Kids Wallpapers

2009-07-31T15:24:00.000+05:30

sleeping on floor

Two Babies Sleeping

Sweetheart Loveable Baby with Blue Eyes

Beautiful Babies

Cute n Cuddly Boy

Sleeping Angel Girl

new born baby on towel

dont worry i'm with u

cute baby with smile

tiny baby in plam

lovable lovely smiling babies

Nice Boy in Halloween Costume

sweet babies sleeping together

very sweet baby with blue eyes

little sweet girl sleeping

2 little twins sleeping

little cute baby in rose

smiling cute baby

Realy Sweet Baby in Santa Hat

Innocent Baby Boy Sleeping

baby sleeping on the leaf bed

cutest baby in the world

little girl modeling

little baby with lovable mom

Dum

2009-07-31T14:37:00.000+05:30

DUM

1.kalakuven
2.kanamma
3.karupo sivappo
4.manase manase
5.polladha padava
6.chanakya

Dhool

2009-07-31T14:33:00.000+05:30

Dhool

1.Asai Asai
2.entha kapakilange
3.koduva meesai
4.gundu
5.maduraveeran

Dhool

2009-07-31T14:32:00.001+05:30

Dhil

2009-07-31T14:28:00.000+05:30

Dhil

1.Dhill dhil
2.Kannukul
3.Machan
4.oh nanbane
5.Un samayal

Dheena

2009-07-31T14:23:00.000+05:30

DHEENA

1.En nenjil
2.Kadhal Website onru
3.neeillai yendral
4.Sollamal thottu sellum
5.Vathi kuchi

citizen

2009-07-31T14:18:00.000+05:30

Citizen

1.Aust
2.Merke
3.ove
4.sikki

W

2009-07-31T13:54:00.000+05:30

List of the Movies in W

V

2009-07-31T13:53:00.001+05:30

List of Movies in V

1.vettaikaran

U

2009-07-31T13:52:00.000+05:30

List of Movies in U

1.Unnai Pol Oruvan

T

2009-07-31T13:48:00.000+05:30

List of the Movies in T
Thiru thiru thuru thuru

S

2009-07-31T13:45:00.000+05:30

List of the MOVIES IN S

1.Subramaniyapuram

R

2009-07-31T13:44:00.001+05:30

List of Movies in R

1.Renigunta

Q

2009-07-31T13:43:00.001+05:30

List of the movies in Q

P

2009-07-31T13:41:00.003+05:30

List of the Movies in P

1.Poda Podi

2.peranmai

O

2009-07-31T13:40:00.000+05:30

List of the Movies in O

N

2009-07-31T13:38:00.000+05:30

List of the Movies in N

1. Naan Kadavul

2.Ninaithale Inikkum

M

2009-07-31T13:37:00.001+05:30

List of the Movies in M

1.Masilamani

k

2009-07-31T13:35:00.003+05:30

List of the Movies in K

1.Kandaen Kadhalai

L

2009-07-31T13:35:00.002+05:30

List of the Movies in L

J

2009-07-31T13:33:00.002+05:30

List of the movies in J

I

2009-07-31T13:33:00.001+05:30

List of the Movies In I

Illaiyaraja's sweetest Songs

H

2009-07-31T13:31:00.000+05:30

List of the Movies in G

G

2009-07-31T13:30:00.000+05:30

List of Movies in G

F

2009-07-31T13:29:00.000+05:30

List of the movies in F

E

2009-07-31T13:28:00.000+05:30

List of movies in E
1.Eeram

D

2009-07-31T13:23:00.000+05:30

List of Movies In D

1.Dheena
2.Dhil
3.Dhool
4.dum

Coimbatore MApillai

2009-07-31T13:07:00.000+05:30

Coimbatore Mapillai
Cast: Viajy, Goundamani

1.Annamalai deepam
2.Coimbatore mappilaikku
3.Jeevan
4.Pappampati

C

2009-07-31T12:50:00.000+05:30

List of Movies In C

1.Citizen
2.Coimbatore Mapillai

A.R.Rehmans Best Tracks I

2009-07-29T18:42:00.000+05:30

Akadannu
Hello Doctor
Kannukku mai Azhagu
Kuchi Kuchi Rakkama
kuluvalile
mettu podu
muthu muthu
Nee kattum selai
Ottakatha kattiko
Veerapandi kottaiyile
vennilave

Badri

2009-07-23T21:10:00.000+05:30

BADRI

star cast: Vijay, Bhoomika, Vivek

1.Angel
2.ennoda laila
3.kadhal solvadhu
4.kalakalakuthu
5.king of chennai
6.travellin soldier

BABA

2009-07-23T21:01:00.000+05:30

Baba

starcast: Rajinikanth, manisha koirala, koundamani

1.baba baba
2.evan vasam
3. kichu kichu
4.maya maya
5.rajyama
6.sakthi kodu
7.theivam onru
8.tippu tippu

2009-07-23T20:58:00.000+05:30

list of movies in N

1.Ninaithale Inikkum

Ninaithale Inikkum

2009-07-23T20:41:00.000+05:30

Ninaithale Inikkum(2009)

star cast: Prithivi raj, priyamani, Bagyaraj

1.allah
2.azhagay pookudhe
3.kallori
4.nanbanai partha
5.natkal nagarnthu
6.pia pia
7.sexy lady

Baasha

2009-07-22T09:10:00.000+05:30

Baasha
Star cast: Rajinikanth, Nagma, Janakaraj, Anand raj

1.Naan otto karan
2.nee nadanthal
3.Ore oru Chandiran
4.style
5.thanga magan

B

2009-07-22T09:09:00.000+05:30

List of Movies in B

1.Baasha
2.Baba
3.Badri
4.Bagavathy

Events

2009-07-22T09:00:00.002+05:30

The latest events occured in the world are placed here.

1. Total Eclipse on 22july2009

2. Swine flu

3. Water on the Moon Exposed by Chandrayaan I

4. New Ring Around the Saturn revealed by CASSINI spacecraft

Total Solar Eclipse On 22 July, 2009

2009-07-22T08:39:00.000+05:30

Total Solar Eclipse On 22 July, 2009

Partial Eclipse in New Delhi, 22nd july2009

Partial eclipse in Kolkata 22july09

On Wednesday, July 22, 2009, some parts of the world will be witnessing one of the most spectacular celestial phenomenon of total solar eclipse of the 21st century. This total solar eclipse which will occur due to the hiding of the Sun behind the Moon will turn the day into dark for about 6 minutes and 58 seconds.

This total solar eclipse will be visible in India, especially in the following cities-Surat, Baroda, Indore, Bhopal, Varanasi, Patna, Danapur and Guwahati. A partial eclipse can be seen in Southeast Asia including over entire India and China.

People of the Udupi district can also see nearly 75 per cent of the solar eclipse. According to a report the greatest phase of partial eclipse will be at 6 hours 20 minutes and will last till 7 hours 16 minutes.

The Taregna village near Danapur in the district of Patna in Bihar has become the focus of the astronomers as they believe that the total solar eclipse can be seen in its full glory. It is said that the ancient astronomer, Aryabhatta, who was born in Pataliputra (modern Patna) in 476 AD used to observe the heavenly bodies from this village.

Software Zone

2009-07-21T20:14:00.005+05:30

Adobe Reader

MediaPlayers

PhotoEditors

Turboc++

DAP 9.3.0.3

Foxit Reader

Free Download Manager v3.0

Photo Editor

Winzip12.1

Total Video Converter 3.50

Mobile 3GP converter

IZARC

2009-07-21T19:50:00.000+05:30

POS FREE PHOTOEDITOR

Enhancing photos is an essential part of any professional photographer's day and while this is no professional tool by a long stretch, it gives amateurs a chance to add enhance their photos in a professional manner.

Pos Free Photo Editor is a very simple, free and user friendly photo editor that allows you to easily view and enhance your photos. In terms of flexibility, it accepts just about any conceivable format so no conversions are required. There's very little to pick up or learn with the program - most of the learning is done on the job via trial and error with the handy preview function. The enhancements are mainly focused around changing the focus and altering the colours of your photos although you can't shift photos on their axis which is a bit annoying if you've taken a slightly badly angled photo.

What it's really useful for though is creating collages. You can add multiple images to the same sheet meaning you can print them all out on one page. This not only allows you to create some pretty impressive designs but it saves on printing out multiple images on expensive photos and then sticking them together.

Pos Free Photo Editor is a far cry from Photoshop but it's completely free and allows beginners to add simple enhancements and effects that are sure to improve your photos.

Click to download

PhotoPos

Nature

2009-07-21T08:49:00.004+05:30

Kids Wallpapers
Actress Wallpapers
Cars Wallpapers

_____________________________________________________________________
Nature

Jumairah Beach Hotel-Dubai

Glimmerglass State Park, New York

Chateau Saint Ulrich, France

Maroon Bells at Sunrise, Aspen, Colorado

Fall Tundra, Denali National Park, Alaska

Diamond Lake Paradise, Newzealand

Natural Valley

river passage, scotland

Lotus Lake, Koishiung, Taiwan

Crystal Waters

Lush Summer, Kentucky

Christmas in reo de Jeneiro, Brazil

Office of the Prime Minister, Kuala Lumpur,

Vancouver, British Columbia

Po Klong Garai Towers, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam

Toji Temple,Kyoto, Japan

Emerald wave, Olympic national park, Washington

Upper falls, Idaho

Holiday Lights, Shore Acres State Park, Oregon

Optical Flash Light

Nice and Big Waterfalls

Easter Island Immitations

sunlight and trees

Titlis, Obwalden, Switzerland

Twirling the North Star, Alaska